![]() ![]() Water is forced through the heat exchangers by vertical pumps that draw water from the sumps. Warm and cold water enter the platform through pipes that pass through the breakwater and emerge into sumps below the platform floor. The design permits use of either chlorine or Amertap for biofouling control. There are four 12.5-MWe (net) power modules that use ammonia as the working fluid in horizontal shell-and-tube heat exchangers of conventional overall design. Here it would be lowered by flooding the sumps to rest on a prepared bottom foundation behind an appropriate breakwater. The platform would then be floated and towed as a unit to the plant site on the beach. It was decided that the platform (containment structure) should be constructed in a shipyard, where facilities for installing heavy equipment would be available. Studies led to selection of shore-based plants at Ho-Ping and Chang-Yuan as preferred sites for Conceptual Design. Three sites on the east coast of Taiwan were selected for evaluation. In 1984 the Taiwan Power Company initiated a program to determine the feasibility and to prepare conceptual designs of shore-based 50-MWe OTEC plants in Taiwan. Avery, in Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third Edition), 2003 XI.D.8 Conceptual Design of Taiwan 50-MWe (net) Shore-Based OTEC Plants The alternative of including a sediment transport module in the circulation codes, to enable the automated computation of bathymetry changes, is conceptually attractive but unlikely to become technically feasible in the short term, at useful accuracy levels. In a foreseeable future, continuing advances in remote sensing and vessel-based survey techniques offer the best promise for timely updates of bank-to-bank bathymetry. For channel bathymetry, the problem could technically be solved by automated downloads of the Corps of Engineers periodic bathymetric surveys, followed by semiautomatic procedures to load the new bathymetric data into the CORIE grids. Timely updates of bathymetry are becoming a critical limiting accuracy factor for CORIE modeling, and in general, for EOFS modeling. Army Corps of Engineers, as a part of the agency's mandate. Channel bathymetry is surveyed multiple times per year by the U.S. The last comprehensive, bank-to-bank bathymetric survey in the Columbia River dates back from the late 1950s. Dated survey data is very common in estuaries, in particular away from navigation channels. In addition, bathymetry changes locally in response to events such as major storms, and also changes continuously, system-wide, in slow response to circulation processes.īathymetry is a key input to the numerical codes, and bathymetric uncertainties are responsible for a substantial part of the total uncertainty associated with model results. Many of the changes have been imposed by human activity, in particular through (a) the installation of breakwaters to stabilize the entrance of the estuary, (b) the creation, maintenance and deepening of a 145-mile navigation channel, and (c) significant changes of upstream river discharge and sediment inputs via extensive flow regulation with a network of dams. ![]() ![]() Modern and predevelopment bathymetries are substantially different in the Columbia River. Baptista, in Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third Edition), 2003 IV.B Bathymetry ![]()
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